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Abbreviations

From ISOGG Wiki

This is a list of abbreviations used in genetic genealogy. Abbreviations can be used as shortcuts for navigation on the ISOGG Wiki. If you type in any of the abbreviations on this list for which there is a Wiki article you will automatically be redirected to the relevant Wiki page.

Contents
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Numbers and Symbols

  • 1C, 2C, 3C, etc. - Shorthand for indicating first, second, or third, etc. cousin. Often followed by a second number and an 'R' to indicate generations removed (ex. 2C1R for second cousin once removed)
  • +ve - Positive - Often used in discussion of SNPs to indicate Derived state.
  • -ve - Negative - Often used in discussion of SNPs to indicate Ancestral state.

A

  • AAGRA - Australasian Association of Genealogists and Record Agents
  • ACGT - An initialism that stands for the four primary types of nucleic bases in a DNA molecule: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
  • aDNA - Ancient DNA
  • ADSA - Autosomal DNA Segment Analyzer - An autosomal DNA tool provided by Don Worth on the DNAGedcom website
  • AGRA - Association of Genealogists and Researchers in Archives (UK)
  • AIMs - Ancestry-Informative Markers
  • AJ - Ashkenazi Jew
  • AMH - Atlantic Modal Haplotype (see Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype) or anatomically modern human
  • APG - Association of Professional Genealogists (US and worldwide)
  • ARG - Ancestral recombination graph
  • ASHG - American Society of Human Genetics
  • atDNA - Autosomal DNA

B

C

  • CA - Common ancestor
  • CGF Continuous gene flow
  • ClinVar - Public archive at the NCBI of data concerning human genetic variants that have clinical significance
  • cMcentiMorgan
  • CNV - Copy Number Variant
  • CoA - Countries of Ancestry - an Ancestry Tool provided in the 23andMe test
  • CODIS - Acronym for Combined DNA Index System
  • CRS - Acronym for Cambridge Reference Sequence
  • CSV - Comma-separated values

D

E

F

G

  • GAP – Group administrator page. This is the name given by Family Tree DNA to the special pages used by group administrators to administer their DNA projects.
  • GEDCOM - GEnealogical Data COMmunication. A method of exchanging genealogical information in a standard file format
  • GB - Great Britain (comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales)
  • Gb - Gigabase
  • Gbp - Gigabase pair
  • GC - Genetic Communities - a feature provided with the AncestryDNA test
  • GD - Genetic distance
  • GDAT - Genealogical DNA Analysis Tool
  • GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation
  • GOONS - Guild of One-Name Studies
  • GRO - General Record Office (England and Wales)
  • GROS - General Record Office Scotland
  • GWAS - Genome wide association studies

H

  • HBD - Human biodiversity or homozygosity by descent
  • HGP - Human Genome Project
  • HLA - human leukocyte antigen
  • HIR - Half-identical region
  • HTS - High throughput sequencing
  • HUGO – Human Genome Organization
  • HVR – Hyper-variable region. The sections of non-coding mitochondrial DNA that are used for low-resolution genealogical DNA testing.
  • HWE - Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

I

J

K

  • Kb - Kilobase
  • Kbp - Kilobase pair
  • KYA - Thousand years ago

L

  • LCA - Lowest common ancestor - the most recent ancestors shared by a pair of individuals
  • LCN - Low copy number
  • LD - Linkage disequilibrium
  • LDS - Latter-day Saints (The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints)
  • LGM - Last glacial maximum
  • LHON - Leber's hereditary optic atrophy (a mitochondrial DNA disease)
  • LHP - Length heteroplasmy
  • LOD - Acronym for "logarithm of the odds"; in genetics, the LOD score is a statistical estimate of how likely it is that two loci on a chromosome are linked and therefore probably inherited together
  • LoH - Loss of heterozygosity
  • LTR - Long terminal repeat
  • LUCA - Last universal common ancestor

M

  • MAF - Minor allele frequency
  • MALD - Mapping by linkage disequilibrium
  • Mb - Megabase
  • Mbp - Megabase pair
  • MDKA - Most distant known ancestor
  • MDS - Multi-dimensional scaling
  • MNP - Multiple nucleotide polymorphism
  • MNV - Multiple nucleotide variant
  • MPE - Misattributed parentage event
  • MPS - Massively parallel sequencing - another name for next generation sequencing
  • mtDNA - Mitochondrial DNA
  • mRNA - Messenger RNA
  • MRCA - Most recent common ancestor
  • MSA - Multiple sequence alignment
  • MSY - The male-specific region of the Y-chromosome
  • mtDNA - Mitochondrial DNA
  • mu - Map unit

N

O

P

R

  • RAO - Recent ancestral origins (formerly known as REO - recent ethnic origins). The number of matches you have in Family Tree DNA's database as specified by country or region. To access the RAO, Family Tree DNA customers need to click the tab on their "My FTDNA" page.
  • rDNA - Recombinant DNA
  • RFLP - An initialism for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
  • RG - Relative Genetics, a commercial DNA testing company. (Acquired by Ancestry.com in summer 2007).
  • RIN - Record Information Number - used in genealogical programs as a unique record number.
  • rCRS - Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence
  • RecLOH - Acronym for Recombinant Loss of Heterozygosity
  • RNA - Ribonucleic acid
  • ROH - Runs of homozygosity. ROH are regions of the genome where an individual inherits the same alleles from both parents. The alleles are identical because our parents have inherited them from a common ancestor at some point in the past or more recently through a cousin marriage.
  • RPP - Relationship Predictions Provider - A provider of matching centiMorgans (cMs) relationships datasets as used by the Gliesian Genealogy Autosomal Relationships Predictions web application.
  • RSID - Reference SNP identification
  • RSRS - Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence, the deduced ancestral mitochondrial sequence.

S

T

  • TG - Triangulated group. Previously used as an abbreviation for the now defunct company Trace Genetics.
  • TiP – See FTDNATiP above
  • TMRCA - Time to the most recent common ancestor
  • TNA - The National Archives (UK)
  • tRNA - Transfer RNA

U

V

  • VCF - Variant call file
  • VR - Vital records (birth, marriage and death records)

W

Y

See also