The Beothuks
An extinct Native American tribe indigenous to Newfoundland and Labrador, mtDNA has been
extracted from the dentine of Chief Nonosabasut, and wife, Demasduit. In 1819, Chief
Nonosabasut and his small tribe of Beothuks, encountered a party of ten armed English
settlers at Red Indian Lake. A conflict ensued in which the chief was killed and
Demasduit was taken prisoner, but died soon thereafter from tuberculosis. (More)
Also significant to note is that Nonosabasut's
Y-chromosome DNA was SNP confirmed haplogroup Q.
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Nonosabasut |
X2a |
093C,189C,213A,223T,278T |
| Demasduit |
C |
223T,298C,325C,327T |
|
Cheddar Man
In 1903, skeletal remains were found in a cave in Cheddar, England. The remains of a 23
year-old man, who was killed by a blow to the face, were discovered to be at least 9,000
years old. Ninety-four years after the discovery of "Cheddar Man", scientists
were able to extract mitochondrial DNA from his tooth cavity.
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Cheddar Man |
U5a |
16192T, 16270T |
Bryan Sykes, and his team at Oxford University
distributed DNA test kits to local Cheddar schools, and a match was found to a local
schoolteacher, Adrian Targett. (More)
on Cheddar Man.
Ice Man - Otzi of Italy
Widely known as "Otzi (Oetzi)" the Iceman found in 1991 in
the Italian Alps, is also known as "Similaun Man". Of the Neolithic era,
Otzi lived between 3350-3300 B.C. in the "Copper Age". He was believed to be
46-years old when he died at the top of a mountain pass from wounds received. (More)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Ice Man |
K |
16224C, 16311C |
Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi
In 1999, hikers came across human remains in a melting British Columbia
glacier. Named Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi which means "long-ago
person found", was a young man between the ages of 17-22, believed to have died around
550 years ago. (Source)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi |
A |
16111T, 16189C, 16223T, 16290T,
16319A, 16362C |
Ice Maiden - "Juanita" of Peru
Also known as "Juanita", the Inca Ice Maiden
was discovered on Mount Ampato, near Arequipa, Peru by Johann Reinhard in 1995. She
was sacrificed sometime around the ages of 12-14 and lived about 500 years ago. Her
body lay frozen at the mountaintop until a nearby volcanic eruption melted Mount Ampato's
ice cap.
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Ice Maiden |
A |
16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A |
The Last Viking King
One of the world's oldest maternity cases has been solved
utilizing mitochondrial DNA. Sven II Estridsen
(c.1020-1074), the last Viking king of Denmark, and ancestor of all
subsequent kings of Denmark is entombed in Roskilde Cathedral with other
Danish royals. It was believed that Sven's mother, Estrid, was entombed
in a pillar across the chancel. Lingering doubts
about Estrid's identity have now been resolved through DNA testing
proving that Estrid was not Sven's mother.
(Source)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Sven |
H |
7028C |
Lichtenstein
Cave Bronze-Age Family
Through anthropological DNA testing, the first prehistoric
family tree has been established. From a group of forty human remains
found in the Lichtenstein cave, near Dorste, Lower
Saxony, Germany, viable DNA was extracted from three related
individuals.
(Source)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Do-3706 & Do-3709 |
T |
|
Y-chromosome DYS#
| |
|
DYS# |
| |
3
9
3 |
3
9
0 |
1
9 |
3
9
1 |
3
8
5
a |
3
8
5
b |
3
8
9
|
I |
3
9
2 |
3
8
9
|
2 |
4
3
9 |
4
3
7 |
4
3
8 |
| Do-1482 |
13 |
25 |
15 |
11 |
17 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
27 |
11 |
15 |
10 |
|
Luke the Evangelist - aka St. Luke
A doctor, but better known as the biblical author of the "Gospel According
to Luke", Luke the Evangelist was believed to have been born in Antioch, in the Roman
province of Syria. Historical sources cite that he died at the age of 84 in Thebes
(Greece) around the year 150 A.D. His body was interred first in Constantinople, and
then later transferred to Padua, Italy. Geneticists have tested the remains believed
to be those of Luke, and sampled Syrian and Greek populations for comparison.
They've determined that the body attributed as Luke's, is likely of Syrian origin.
(Source)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Luke |
H |
16235G, 16291T |
Medieval Mummy From Yangju
Medieval mummies have been found in Korea since 1968.
Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA analysis was conducted on a
17th-century male child mummy discovered in 2001. (Source)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Yangju Mummy |
D4 |
16223T 16362C |
73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C |
489C |
Y-chromosome DYS#
| |
|
DYS# |
| |
3
9
3 |
3
9
0 |
1
9 |
3
9
1 |
3
8
9
|
I |
3
9
2 |
| Yangju
Mummy |
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
13 |
|
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon
Is the Anglo-Saxon skeleton found at Norwich Castle
indeed of Romani origin as stated in the media? (Source)
Or does the young Anglo-Saxon just share a partial haplotype similar to a Romani? (View sequences)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Anglo-Saxon |
X |
16189A, 16223T, 16271C, 16278T |
|
mtDNA Sequences From "The Lost Tomb of Jesus"
mtDNA extracted from human remains contained in two
ossuaries recovered from the Talpiot tomb in Jerusalem; one ossuary labeled
"Jesus" and the other labeled "Mariamene e Mara" provided conclusive
evidence that the two individuals did not share a common maternal line ancestor. (Source)
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Jesus |
? |
270G, 278T |
| Mariamene e Mara |
? |
290G |
|
Paglicci Cave Cro-Magnons
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of two
circa 24,000 year-old Cro-Magnons demonstrates a drastic difference
between Neandertals and modern mtDNA sequences. The conclusion
rules out random mating between Neandertals and humans. (Source)
*Paglicci-25 might be pre-HV
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Paglicci-25* |
HV |
73A, 719G, 308A |
| Paglicci-12 |
N |
223T |
|
The "Starchild"
Skulls
The "Starchild" skulls debuted on the National Geographic Channel show "Is
It Real" Ancient Astronauts. Is the "Starchild" skull
categorized as SCS-1 really a deformed human skull or that of an alien-human
hybrid? (More) Mitochondrial DNA extracted from
both skulls confirms (unrelated) Native American maternal ancestry. (Source)
Interestingly, the SCS-1 mtDNA matches that of Demasduit.
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| SA-1 |
A |
223T, 290T, 319A |
| SCS-1 |
C |
223T,298C,325C,327T |
|
Zana and Khwit
DNA extracted from skulls purported to be Zana,
and her son, Khwit, were profiled on the National Geographic Channel show "Is It
Real" Russian Bigfoot. (More)
The question testing sought to answer was whether the supposed "Almas",
were really Neanderthals who survived into modern times. Mitochondrial DNA analyzed from
both skulls confirms a shared maternal line ancestor of human origins, with no Neanderthal
mutations.
| Name |
Haplo |
Haplotype |
| Zana |
? |
T16189C |
| Khwit |
? |
T16189C |
|
The DNA Saga of King Tut
Will he or won't he be tested? That is the
question! In December 2000, a team of Japanese scientists announced that they had
received approval to DNA test the most famous of ancient Egypt's kings. (Source)
By 2001, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities reversed their decision to allow testing. (Source) Another announcement to do forensic testing
on King Tut came in 2004, but was halted after a public outcry. (Source)
Western European DNA found in Central Asia
DNA analysis of the remains of nomadic peoples in
Kazakhstan provides evidence of Western genetic influence in Asia between the 15th century
BC and the 5th century AD. (Source)
mtDNA Lineages from the Basques of Aldaieta
HVR1 mitochondrial DNA sequences from a 6th-7th century
Basque burial site reveals a diverse genetic population indicating that the Basques may
not have been an "isolated" population. (Source)
2,000 Year-Old Cemetery in Egyin Gol Valley,
Mongolia
mtDNA, Y-chromosome DNA and nuclear DNA was
successfully extracted from a Mongolian cemetery containing 99 individuals. (Source)
Neanderthal DNA
Several ancient Neanderthal remains have been typed and
found to differ significantly from human mitochondrial DNA. (Source)
Amazingly, a team of scientists in Germany have recovered and sequenced Y-chromosome DNA
from a 49,000 year-old Neanderthal. (Source)
For more info and
sequences
Coming soon: Mycenaean Shaft Graves, Two Renaissance Writers, Egyptian
Mummies?,
Queen
Hatshepsut
NOT coming soon: Kennewick Man, Queen
Hatshepsut
NOTE: All
of the above haplotypes are the result of scientific genetics studies, and most, if not
all, have been published in scientific journals. Submissions of additional
haplotypes are welcome, please submit the values along with an online link to the
scientific publication of the subject's study to ISOGG.
Submissions will be reviewed and ISOGG reserves the right to accept or decline
submissions. The purpose of the "Ancient DNA" page is to provide a
compilation of DNA results of ancient homo sapiens for comparison and educational purposes
only.
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