Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2007
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Version History     Last revision date for this specific page: 17 October 2007

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Alice Fairhurst if the differences need clarification.

LINKS:  Main Page   Y-DNA Tree Trunk   SNP Index   Papers Cited   Glossary   Listing Criteria
CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS:  Added  Renamed 
SNP SYMBOLS:  Not on 2006 tree  Confirmed within subclade  Provisional  Private

O   M175
�       O*   -
�       O1   MSY2.2
�      �       O1*   -
�      �       O1a   M119
�      �       �       O1a*   -
�      �       �       O1a1   M101
�      �       �       O1a2   M50, M103, M110
�       O2   P31, M268
�      �       O2*   -
�      �       O2a   M95
�      �       �       O2a*   -
�      �       �       O2a1   M88, M111
�      �       �      �       O2a1*   -
�      �       �      �       O2a1a   PK4
�      �       �       O2a2   M297
�      �       O2b   M176/SRY465
�      �       �       O2b*   -
�      �       �       O2b1   P49
�      �       �      �       O2b1*   -
�      �       �      �       O2b1a   47z
�       O3   M122
�      �       O3*   -
�      �       O3a   M324
�      �       �       O3a*   -
�      �       �       O3a1   M121, DYS257   (formerly O3a)
�      �       �       O3a2   M164   (formerly O3b)
�      �       �       O3a3   LINE1, M159   (formerly O3c)
�      �       �       O3a4   M7   (formerly O3d)
�      �       �      �       O3a4*   -
�      �       �      �       O3a4a    M113, M188, M209   (formerly O3d1)
�      �       �      �       �       O3a4a*   -
�      �       �      �       �       O3a4a1   N4
�      �       �      �       �       O3a4a2   N5
�      �       �       O3a5   M134   (formerly O3e)
�      �       �      �       O3a5*   -
�      �       �      �       O3a5a    M117, M133   (formerly O3e1)
�      �       �      �       �       O3a5a*   -
�      �       �      �       �       O3a5a1    M162   (formerly O3e1a)
�      �       �      �       O3a5b    P101   
�      �       �       O3a6   M300
�      �       �       O3a7   M333

NOTES:

Y-DNA haplogroup O probably originated in East Asia and later migrated into the South Pacific. The lineage expanded into Taiwan (high frequency in the aboriginal Taiwanese), Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

O3 is the predominant sub-group in China. The O1 and O2a lineages are found in Southeast Asian populations of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and southern China. The O2b sub-group is of high frequency in the Japanese and Korean populations.

References:
Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cox M P & Lahr M M, Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. (pdf) American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50, 2006.
Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Deng et al, Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence. (pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Hammer et al, Dual Origins of the Japanese: Common Ground for Hunter-gatherer and Farmer Y Chromosomes. (abstract) Journal of Human Genetics, 51:47-58, 2006.
Hudjashov G, Peopling of Sahul: Evidence from mtDNA and Y-Chromosome. Thesis (M.SC.) University of Tartu, Estonia, 2006.
Karafet et al, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 69:615-628, 2001.
Kayser et al, Independent Histories of Human Y Chromosomes from Melanesia and Australia. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68:173-190, 2001.
Kayser et al, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006.
Kayser et al. Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochrondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea. American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:281-302, 2003.
Mohyuddin et al, Detection of Novel Y SNPs Provides Further Insights into Y Chromosomal Variation in Pakistan. Journal of Human Genetics, 2006.
Mona et al, Patterns of Y-chromosome Diversity Intersect with the Trans-New Guinea Hypothesis. Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Sep 10; [Epub ahead of print]
Paracchini et al, A Y Chromosomal Influence on Prostate Cancer Risk: The Multi-ethnic Cohort Study. Journal of Medical Genetics, 40:815-819, 2003.
Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Rootsi S, Human Y Chromosomal Variations in European Populations (dissertation) Council of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Oct 2004.
Scheinfeldt et al, Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. (Link and comments from Dienekes' Anthropological Blog) Society for Molecular Biology, 2006.
Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Shi et al, Y-Chromosome Evidence of Southern Origin of the East Asian-Specific Haplogroup O3-M122. (available by subscription) American Journal of Human Genetics. 77:408-419, 2005.
Su et al, Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 65:1718-1724, 1999.
Tan S, et al, Y-chromosome Polymorphisms Define the Origin of the Mang, an Isolated Population in China. Annals of Human Biology, Sep;34(5):573-581, 2007
Thangaraj et al, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population. (pdf) Current Biology, 13:86-93, 2003.

Corrections/Additions made since 20 December 2006:

Contact Person for Haplogroup O: Gareth Henson

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