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Copyright 2007, 2008. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. All Rights Reserved.
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| CLADE/SUBCLADE SYMBOLS: Added Redefined |
| SNP SYMBOLS: Not on 2007 tree Confirmed within subclade Provisional Private |
E M40/SRY4064/SRY8299, M96, P29,
P150, P152, P154, P155, P156, P162, P168, P169, P170, P171,
P172, P173, P174, P175, P176
•
E* -
•
E1 P147
• •
E1* -
• •
E1a M33, M132 (formerly E1)
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E1a* -
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E1a1 M44 (formerly E1a)
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E1a2 P110
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E1b P177
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E1b* -
• •
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E1b1 DYS391p, P2/PN2, P179,
P180, P181 (formerly E3)
• •
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E1b1* -
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E1b1a DYS271/M2/SY81, M180/P88, P1/PN1, P46,
P182, P189, P211, P293 (formerly E3a)
• •
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E1b1a* -
• •
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E1b1a1 M58 (formerly E3a1)
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E1b1a2 M116.2 (formerly E3a2)
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E1b1a3 M149 (formerly E3a3)
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E1b1a4 M154 (formerly E3a4)
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E1b1a5 M155 (formerly E3a5)
• •
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E1b1a6 M10, M66, M156, M195 (formerly E3a6)
• •
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E1b1a7 M191/P86, U186,
P253/U247 (formerly E3a7)
• •
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E1b1a7* -
• •
• •
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E1b1a7a P252/U174
(formerly E3a7a)
• •
• •
• •
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E1b1a7a* -
• •
• •
• •
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E1b1a7a1 P9.2
• •
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E1b1a7a2 P115
• •
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E1b1a7a3 P116
• •
• •
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E1b1a7a3* -
• •
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E1b1a7a3a P113
• •
• •
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E1b1a8 U175 (formerly E3a8)
• •
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E1b1a8* -
• •
• •
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E1b1a8a P277,
P278, U209 (formerly E3a8)
• •
• •
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E1b1a8a* -
• •
• •
• •
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E1b1a8a1 U290 (formerly E3a8a)
• •
• •
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E1b1a8a1* -
• •
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E1b1a8a1a U181 (formerly E3a8a1)
• •
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E1b1a8a2 P59
• •
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E1b1a9 P268, P269
• •
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E1b1b M215 (formerly E3b)
• •
• •
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E1b1b* -
• •
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E1b1b1 M35 (formerly E3b1)
• •
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E1b1b1* -
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E1b1b1a M78 (formerly E3b1a)
• •
• •
• •
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E1b1b1a* -
• •
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• •
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E1b1b1a1 V12 (formerly E3b1a1)
• •
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E1b1b1a1* -
• •
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• •
E1b1b1a1a M224 (formerly E3b1a2b)
• •
• •
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E1b1b1a1b
V32 (formerly E3b1a1a)
• •
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E1b1b1a2 V13, V36 (formerly E3b1a2)
• •
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E1b1b1a2* -
• •
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E1b1b1a2a V27 (formerly E3b1a2a)
• •
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E1b1b1a2b P65
• •
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E1b1b1a3 V22 (formerly E3b1a3)
• •
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E1b1b1a3* -
• •
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E1b1b1a3a M148
(formerly E3b1a3a)
• •
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E1b1b1a3b V19
(formerly E3b1a3b)
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E1b1b1a4 V65 (formerly E3b1a4)
• •
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E1b1b1b M81, M183 (formerly E3b1b)
• •
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E1b1b1b* -
• •
• •
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E1b1b1b1 M107
(formerly E3b1b1)
• •
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E1b1b1b2
M165 (formerly E3b1b2)
• •
• •
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E1b1b1c M123 (formerly E3b1c)
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E1b1b1c* -
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E1b1b1c1 M34 (formerly E3b1c1)
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E1b1b1c1* -
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E1b1b1c1a M84, M136 (formerly E3b1c1a)
• •
• •
• •
• •
E1b1b1c1b M290
(formerly E3b1c1b)
• •
• •
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E1b1b1d M281
(formerly E3b1d)
• •
• •
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E1b1b1e V6 (formerly E3b1e)
• •
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E1b1b1f P72
• •
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E1b1c M329 (formerly E3c)
• •
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E1b2 P75 (formerly E4)
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E2 M75, P68
• •
E2* -
• •
E2a M41/P210
• •
E2b M54, M90, M98
• •
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E2b* -
• •
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E2b1 M85 (formerly E2b2)
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E2b1* -
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E2b1a M200 (formerly E2b2a)
• •
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E2b1a* -
• •
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E2b1a1 P45 (formerly E2b1)
• •
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E2b1a2 P258
NOTES:
Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in Northeast Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. But the fact that Haplogroup E is closely linked with Haplogroup D, which is not found in Africa, leaves open the possibility that E first arose in the Near or Middle East and was subsequently carried into Africa by a back migration.E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two important sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b. E1b1a is an African lineage that probably expanded from northern African to sub-Saharan and equatorial Africa with the Bantu agricultural expansion. E1b1a is the most common lineage among African Americans. Eb1b1 probably evolved either in Northeast Africa or the Near East and then expanded to the west--both north and south of the Mediterranean Sea. Eb1b1 clusters are seen today in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa. The Cruciani articles (references and links belos) are indispensable resources for understanding the structure of this complicated haplogroup, but note that the Cruciani haplogroup labels are now superseded because of the recently discovered new SNPS that lie closer to the root of the E branch of the Y-haplogroup Tree.
A caution on clade labels: Because knowledge of this branch of the Y-chromosome tree has advanced so quickly in the last few years, different clade labels can be found in current use for the same SNP-determined branch of the tree. For example, it is still common to see E3b1 and E3b2 used to distinguish between the M78 and M81 branches of the tree though greater resolution is now possible.
References:
Alonso et al,
The Place of the Basques in the European
Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of
Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005.
Behar et al,
Contrasting Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host
Non-Jewish European Populations. (pdf) Hum Genet 114:354-365, 2004.
Bortolini et al,
Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas.
American Journal of Human Genetics, 73:524–539, (2003).
Capelli et al,
Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective. (pdf)
Annals of Human Genetics, 2005.
Cinnioglu et al,
Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of
Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002.
Cruciani et al, Phylogeographic Analysis
of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals
Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out of Africa. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics,
74:1014-1022, 2004.
Cruciani et al,
Molecular Dissection of the
Y Chromosome Haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): A Posteriori Evaluation of a
Microsatellite-Networked-Based Approach Through Six New Biallelic Markers. (pdf)
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #916, 2006.
Cruciani et al,
Tracing Past Human Male
Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal
Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12. (pdf) Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(6):1300-1311, 2007.
Deng et al, Evolution
and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence.
(pdf) Journal of Human Genetics, 49:339-348, 2004.
Flores et al,
Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome
Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (available by subscription)
European Journal of Human Genetics,
12:855-863, 2004.
Karafet et al,
New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup
Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Supplementary Material.
King et al,
Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic. (abstract)
Annals of Human Genetics. 72:205–214. 2008.
Nasidze et al,
MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics,
69:401-412, 2005.
Regueiro et al,
Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract)
Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006.
Semino et al,
Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002.
Semino et al,
Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the
Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 74:1023-1034, 2004.
Sengupta et al,
Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India
Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence
of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf)
American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006.
Shen et al, Reconstruction
of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome
and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004.
Sims et al,
Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and
E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs.
Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940, Online, 2007.
Valone et al,
Y SNP Typing of African-American and Caucasian Samples Using Allele-Specific
Hybridization and Primer Extension. (pdf) Journal of Forensic Science, 49:4, July 2004.
Additional Resources:
- E3b Y-DNA Project
Dennis Garvey,
Discussion on E3a
Dennis Garvey,
Discussion on E3b
Ron Scott,
E3b: Frequency Distribution of Extended Haplotypes Gathered from YSearch
Victor Villareal, E3b Project
Corrections/Additions made since 31 December 2007:
Contact Person for Haplogroup E: David Wilson
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